An obvious one, but a good one nonetheless.  It's a good example of how the Aussie's shorten stuff.

 

Mate-

Another obvious one, but in the true sense of the word it means really good friend.

 

Gov'ner-

More of a british one this is, but if you really respect someone (usually in a higher position than yourself) you'd call them gov'ner.  Like my boss Bruce at work, great guy, and in the morning I'd greet him by saying "Morning Gov'ner".

 

Pelican-

This is a great one that I've only seen in Melbourne so far.  If someone is an idiot or moron you'd call him a Pelican.  Not sure why but it is a great word to throw at someone for laughs.

 

Too Easy-

They use this all the time.  Equal to our "right on" or something of that sort.  In a casual way usually follow by "mate".

 

Fair Dinkem-

This is old school Aussie slang that you don't hear very often, but it's again somewhat like our "right on".

 

No Worries or No'orries-

Another one of those ones that they shorten from time to time.  This is really reflective of the Aussie way of life.  Two words: Laid Back.

 

Minger-

British one again.  This one means ugly as hell, which was again quite useful to throw out at someone.  Not much more to it than that.

 

How ya going?-

This was a confusing one for me at first, as I'm so much more used to hearing "how are you doing?" instead, but it's more or less the same thing.